-From Institutionalised Children Explorations and Beyond
Vulnerable and marginalised children
often need the care and protection of their country governments. For the
majority of children living in the global south, this is predominantly done
through institutionalisation. However, institutional care is not an organic way
the societies care for children (Ott
et al., 2020), but kinship and community-based care are.
As the global understanding of the
optimal factors for child development increased in the past 50 years, the use
of institutionalisation as a first resort solution for protecting vulnerable
children has been challenged. Over time, statistically sound evidence showed
that institutionalisation harms children.
A landmark acknowledgement came with
the adoption of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
(UNCRC), in 1989, that asserts children belong in families and
institutionalisation must be the last option to be considered. As the world
began to deinstitutionalise, successes and challenges were documented.
Research on deinstitutionalisation
reveals country-specific experiences from Bulgaria, Estonia, Malaysia,
Indonesia, Cambodia, Azerbaijan and other countries. The information, however,
on South Asian countries is scarce. This article explores the legislative
frameworks and the evidence on deinstitutionalisation practices in South Asia,
with the goal of documenting the progress made by its countries and consolidating
the knowledge and lessons learnt about deinstitutionalisation in South Asia.
This study will provide legislators, researchers and practitioners interested in child protection system reform an overview of how South Asia compares to other parts of the world, the challenges faced by the region in implementing child protection system reform and three strategies proposed for overcoming those challenges.
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