As an economy transforms from an
agricultural economy to an industrial economy, a decline in participation of
female labour force is observed. The decline observed in rural female labour
force participation is due to a complex mix of several forces working
simultaneously. An article from Vikalpa
takes a look at structural transformation of the economy and its resultant
impact on the female labour market in the whole process.

Dedicated efforts in improving their educational outcomes through infrastructure
development, female teacher availability, incentives along with creating an
adequate number of favourable job opportunities are necessary to harness their
potential. Considering the constraints experienced by the rural females to
enter the labour force policy initiatives are required to make them
economically active. The initiatives should focus on microfinance-supported
self-help group-centred activities, which will make them economically active
along with handling domestic duties. Furthermore, rural manufacturing should
create jobs that can be undertaken by women in their household or as a
community. Such focused steps can increase the participation of rural females
back into the labour force.
For females in the 15–24 age group
who are about to enter the labour force, vocational and basic skills training
need to be provided so that they can enter the labour market overcoming social
inhibitions and restrictions. Lack of adequate infrastructure in terms of roads
and connectivity can also be deterring women from undertaking work in the
nearby areas. Thus, improving connectivity between the villages and the
satellite towns and small cities will also enhance female labour force
participation.
India has already started realizing
its demographic dividend and female population which account for nearly 50 per
cent of the population is an asset to be utilized carefully if we have to reap
this window of opportunity. A bubbling rural economy is the need of the hour to
create jobs and absorb the bulging economically active female population.
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