The philanthropy and charity motives of investing in higher education institutions have been replaced with profit and commercial interests!
The Indian higher education sector has undergone massive
expansion, though not uniformly, during the six and half decades following
independence. There were only 0.26 million students in higher education in 750
colleges and 30 universities in India in 1950–1951. This has increased to about
20.29 million students in 35.5 thousand colleges and 700 universities in
2012–2013. With this, India has grown into one of the largest systems of higher
education in the world.
The overwhelming increase in the higher education
institutions (particularly after the post-liberalization period) is mainly due
to the intervention of the private sector. Considering the inability of the
government to invest further in technical education, and given the growing
demand for engineering graduates, opening up of institutions became an
inevitable choice. The enrolment in
higher education in India went up by four times, whereas in engineering
education it increased by nine times during this period.
But there is a significant change in the character of private
partners in higher and technical education in India. In the 1950s and the
1960s, people with some money used to donate their money to public institutions
or set up philanthropy-based private schools and colleges; today, though, those
with even a small fraction of that money prefer to set up a private, self-financing
college or university. The investment in higher education institutions is found
to be the most rewarding, yielding quick and very high pay-offs, with minimum
risk. The philanthropy and charity motives of investing in higher education
have been replaced with profit and commercial interests.
Many private institutions in technical and engineering
education though described de jure as charitable or not-for-profit
institutions, are de facto profit-making institutions. These institutions have
largely contributed to vulgar forms of commercialization in technical education
in India. The unregulated and unbalanced growth of the private sector in
engineering education has resulted in the decline in the quality of teaching
and learning imparted in these institutions.
With the current pro-private policies and programmes, the
technical education sector in India is drastically being transformed into a
commercial business activity. Privatization and commercialization of technical
education being two sides of the same coin, it is difficult to distinguish
between these two either theoretically or empirically. Both are based on the
same principle of making and maximizing profits, and thus, the privatization
will ultimately lead to commercialization.
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