Small-scale mining and livelihood dynamics in north-eastern Ghana: sustaining rural livelihoods in a changing environment
by Issaka Kanton Osumanu, Department of Environment and Resource Studies, University for Development Studies, Wa, Ghana
The rural livelihood frameworks capture the complexities of subsistence farming and the
prospects and challenges it
present (DFID, 2003; Buechler,
2004; Scoones,
2009). These prospects and
challenges are influenced by several factors, including: global or national level
policies and regulations over which rural dwellers have no control (and may
likely be unknown to them); local practices and institutions; and the
opportunities available for households or individuals to diversify their
livelihoods. So far, though, rural livelihoods debates in SSA have overlooked the emergence of ASM as an alternative livelihood of choice for many rural
subsistence farmers.
This paper contributes to addressing this gap by
examining the dynamics of rural livelihoods in north-eastern Ghana. Here the
small-scale mining sector has remained largely informal. The paper investigates
the dynamics of ASM including the factors driving its growth, how it impinges
on non-mining as well as mining households, and what it means for the
vulnerability and resilience of rural livelihoods in ASM communities. In doing so, the paper brings together analysis of
the problems and opportunities presented by ASM and situates this phenomenon in
the sustainable rural livelihood policy debate.
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