From Media Watch
In terms of self-identities, social structure and
subculture-specific behaviours and conventions, male-to-female (MtF)
transgender persons in India are immensely heterogeneous. In the Indian
subcontinent, MtF trans people have persisted as a separate cultural
community—namely the hijras—for centuries, despite being ostracised to a
considerable extent. Gender is not biologically determined or fundamental; instead,
it is formed through its ‘performance’, making it ‘performative’. Thus, the
hijras fall outside the binary group and dwell in a body that does not match
the gender assigned to them at birth. Through repeatedly performing as female
despite having male genitals, they embrace their performed gender and enter the
unique hijra culture and tradition. O’Flaherty (1980) writes that ‘hijras’ are
sexually ‘ambiguous’ males who wear female dresses and perform at Hindu
festivals such as weddings and birth ceremonies. The foreign political press Al
Jazeera (2013) has addressed hijras as India’s third gender (Hylton et al.,
2018). Hijras have also been called ‘the world’s oldest transgender community’
(Francis et al., 2015) and the Indian version of transgender identity that is
neither male nor female (Nanda, 1999).
Bollywood movies have portrayed hijras in a derogatory manner for
commercialisation. Either they are infused into the plot for comic relief or
projected as villains to strengthen the hero’s role. This is witnessed in the
movie Laxmii (2020); despite being centred on a hijra character, it fails to
demonstrate the injustice perpetrated against the hijra community in family,
society, educational institutions, employment, healthcare and other sectors.
The movie does not mention the daily trauma endured by hijras, how they survive
and the socio-economic conditions surrounding them during a life plagued with
anguish, hatred and discrimination. Furthermore, Laxmii (2020) overlooks and
disregards various successful transgender people, such as Revathi, Vidya, Laxmi
and Shabnam, who have carved a niche for themselves despite facing adversity.
Despite being an inspiration for their community and society, Bollywood has
drastically failed to narrate this marginalised community’s success stories.
Notably, Laxmii has miserably failed to raise awareness—regarding the adverse
conditions of hijras in India. Instead, the movie adds to the existing
prejudice: as in the last scene, a group of hijras dance in a frenzy and become
so overpowered by emotions and vengeance that they commit murder. Sadly, the
movie veers away from societal issues and becomes a drama of vengeance woven
with comical supernatural elements.
Moreover, hijras’ portrayal in
Bollywood is highly unrealistic and cliché and fails to accurately present
their problems and issues. Given these issues, this study explores the
representation of hijra in Bollywood by analysing the Bollywood
blockbuster Laxmii, which was released in 2020 amidst nationwide
lockdowns during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, when hijras were struggling
to meet their daily needs.
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